{"id":1426,"date":"2024-03-19T10:12:59","date_gmt":"2024-03-19T03:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=1426"},"modified":"2024-03-19T10:17:31","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T03:17:31","slug":"thuoc-me","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2024\/03\/19\/thuoc-me\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1ed1c m\u00ea"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thu\u1ed1c m\u00ea ( ph\u00e1t minh n\u0103m 1846 ) : <\/strong>T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00f3 mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y m\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m . Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1846 , 1 nha s\u0129 Willam TG Morton l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ether g\u00e2y m\u00ea trong ph\u1ea9u thu\u1eadt . S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y m\u00ea hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i , cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n . Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y m\u00ea to\u00e0n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 xem ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au. H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3i qua n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1846, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 c\u01a1n \u0111au khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y m\u00ea l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00ed, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1, thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1c s\u0129 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong su\u1ed1t 2 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

\"William
\u00a0William TG Morton ( 1819-1868 )<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y m\u00ea hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 William TG Morton (1819-1868), \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nha s\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1edf Boston, M\u1ef9. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c nha s\u0129 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 nit\u01a1 oxit. Ng\u00e0y 16\/10\/1846 William TG Morton v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110a khoa Massachusetts (M\u1ef9), John Collins Warren (1778-1856) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh y, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed g\u00e2y m\u00ea ether. Theo \u0111\u00f3, William TG Morton \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ether sulfuric \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u00ea cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u1edf c\u1ed5. Morton \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c k\u00eau l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn cho nh\u00f3m b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn. William TG Morton g\u1ecdi thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cLetheon\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean s\u00f4ng Lethe trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111au bu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

\"William
William TG Morton \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ether sulfuric \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u00ea cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u1edf c\u1ed5.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng mua ether t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cho th\u00fa c\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00ed ether. Sau khi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u00f4ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nha khoa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au nh\u1ee9c r\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 chi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi ch\u1eefa r\u0103ng t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, \u201cLetheon\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ed5 r\u0103ng. N\u0103m 1844, William TG Morton \u0111\u00e3 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Harvard Charles Jackson v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ether sulfuric c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho kh\u00ed ether g\u00e2y m\u00ea hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay. William TG Morton \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng ether l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed m\u00e0 khi h\u00edt v\u00e0o v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u00ea to\u00e0n th\u00e2n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\"Ether
Ether \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u00e2y m\u00ea, gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn trong khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Trong h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m,\u00a0thu\u1ed1c m\u00ea ether\u00a0v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, nh\u00f3m hydrocarbon fluoride (halothane, enflurane, isofluorane v\u00e0 Sevoflurane) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u00ea m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, n\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111au nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy v\u1eady, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf ether b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y m\u00ea an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 sevoflurane v\u00e0 isoflurane. Do ether r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.Quy tr\u00ecnh g\u00e2y m\u00ea to\u00e0n th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong do bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 1\/300.000. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau, trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thu\u1ed1c m\u00ea ( ph\u00e1t minh n\u0103m 1846 ) : T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00f3 mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y m\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m . Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1846 ,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1426"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1426\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1432,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1426\/revisions\/1432"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}