{"id":1600,"date":"2024-06-13T14:09:07","date_gmt":"2024-06-13T07:09:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=1600"},"modified":"2025-07-17T09:14:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T02:14:05","slug":"nguoi-phat-minh-ra-ong-tiem-va-hanh-trinh-cai-tien-dung-cu-y-te-quang-trong-bac-nhat-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2024\/06\/13\/nguoi-phat-minh-ra-ong-tiem-va-hanh-trinh-cai-tien-dung-cu-y-te-quang-trong-bac-nhat-nay\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf quang tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam?<\/b><\/p>\n

Francis Rynd (1801-61) t\u1eebng l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Meath, Dublin, Ireland, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Tallaght. N\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y khoa n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span>B\u00e1c s\u0129 Rynd.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1c s\u0129 Rynd \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u1edf m\u1eb7t trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m do ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed u\u1ed1ng dung d\u1ecbch morphin \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111au nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. B\u00e1c s\u0129 Rynd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eed cho dung d\u1ecbch morphin tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi da, g\u1ea7n d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi\u1ebfc kim ti\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi da \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3\/6\/1844. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u0169i ti\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi da \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y t\u00ea c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng ti\u00eam ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 Rynd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb 2 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf: 1 \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trocar. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trocar, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee7ng da m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, sau \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3m \u0111au morphin ch\u1ea3y qua \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi da. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee7 ngon l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng. Ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 Rynd nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong gi\u1edbi y h\u1ecdc. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Rynd, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1853, \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ti\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eam tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu m\u00e1u nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1c s\u0129 Rynd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n y t\u1ebf Ireland.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u00e1c s\u0129 Francis Rynd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland Alexander Wood.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland Alexander Wood \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi da hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1853. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u01a1n \u0111au \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kim r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng p\u00edt t\u00f4ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 Francis Rynd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb \u0111au d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ecda. C\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au d\u1eef d\u1ed9i sau khi d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au morphin v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb \u0111au. Morphin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb r\u01b0\u1ee3u sherry v\u00e0 morphin, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng ti\u00eam b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ef7 tinh do b\u00e1c s\u0129 Alexander Wood t\u1ea1o ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, Charles Gabriel Pravaz \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng Alexander Wood v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1ea5t. \u1ed0ng ti\u00eam c\u1ee7a Charles Gabriel Pravaz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y tinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ean trong, khi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a p\u00edt t\u00f4ng Pravaz c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Wood, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9y pitt\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Pravaz s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u1ed1c v\u00edt. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng ti\u00eam Pravaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam n\u00e0y so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ebft c\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft r\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean da tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam Alexander Wood gi\u00fap b\u00e1c s\u0129 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam v\u00e0o. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 tinh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t minh ra thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e2y lan m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra, kim v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam \u0111\u1ec1u an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng ti\u00eam nh\u1ef1a ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t, \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00e2y lan b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u00eam gan B v\u00e0 HIV. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf p\u00edt t\u00f4ng sau khi nh\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o l\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u1ed0ng ti\u00eam n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim ti\u00eam.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam? Francis Rynd (1801-61) t\u1eebng l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Meath, Dublin, Ireland, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1600"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1773,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions\/1773"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}