{"id":1718,"date":"2024-06-19T10:22:02","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T03:22:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=1718"},"modified":"2024-06-24T10:52:23","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T03:52:23","slug":"lich-su-ra-doi-cua-ong-nghe-y-khoa-dau-tien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2024\/06\/19\/lich-su-ra-doi-cua-ong-nghe-y-khoa-dau-tien\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec RA \u0110\u1edcI C\u1ee6A \u1ed0NG NGHE Y KHOA \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng nghe <\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t tai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 nghe nh\u1ecbp tim. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9o ph\u00ec v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1816, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Rene Laennec \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y khi \u0111ang kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u00e1p tai v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n cu\u1ed9n t\u1ea5m b\u00eca th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7u kia \u00e1p v\u00e0o tai m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, ti\u1ebfng tim nghe \u0111\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Laennec l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em, \u00e1p s\u00e1t tai v\u00e0o hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh. \"\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ngh\u1ec1 y Rene Theophile Laennec\u00a0\u00a0 (1781-1826 )<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, b\u00e1c s\u0129 La\u00ebnnec b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh \u1ed1ng nghe kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 ,<\/span> m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi th\u00e1ng 9\/1816, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Rene Theophile Hyacinthe La\u00ebnnec, khi \u1ea5y 35 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111ang \u0111i d\u1ea1o trong s\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Le Louvre, Paris, th\u00ec b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a g\u00f5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ean kia l\u1eafng nghe.Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1c s\u0129 La\u00ebnnec ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb \u0111ang g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tim. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u00e1c s\u0129 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh. X\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u1edbi c\u00f4 g\u00e1i, \u00f4ng cu\u1ed9n t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean ng\u1ef1c c\u00f4. La\u00ebnnec r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh tim m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd, gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe r\u00f5 nh\u1ecbp tim c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng nghe \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng g\u1ed7.La\u00ebnnec \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh 3 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng nghe b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng g\u1ed7, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 3,5 cm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 25 cm \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u1ef1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u00e2m thanh v\u1ec1 tim, ph\u1ed5i, chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong kh\u00e1m nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eed thi.La\u00ebnnec xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, x\u01a1 gan. \u00d4ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5i nh\u01b0: vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf th\u0169ng, tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.B\u00e1c s\u0129 La\u00ebnnec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.B\u00e1c s\u0129 Rene Theophile Hyacinthe La\u00ebnnec sinh ra t\u1ea1i Quimper \u1edf Brittany, Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1781. M\u1eb9 m\u1ea5t v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh lao khi l\u00ean 5 tu\u1ed5i, La\u00ebnnec s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe La\u00ebnnec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111au b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ho d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m an \u1ee7i trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i s\u00e1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft th\u01a1.La\u00ebnnec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p y khoa. N\u0103m 1795, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 14, La\u00ebnnec gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Dieu \u1edf Nantes. 18 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n y v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1ng ba. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, La\u00ebnnec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y. N\u0103m 1802, \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: vi\u00eam ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c, v\u00f4 kinh v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh gan. D\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, La\u00ebnnec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu.Trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Meriadec, k\u00edch th\u00edch ng\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng nghe. \u00d4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh lao ph\u1ed5i, c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh La\u00ebnnec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.Trong di ch\u00fac, La\u00ebnnec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y khoa c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe g\u1ed7 l\u00e0 di v\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.\u1ed0ng nghe b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, sau \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1ed1ng nghe cao su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u00e2m thanh trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao.Theo y h\u1ecdc, \u1ed1ng nghe tim m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng nghe \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do B\u00e1c s\u0129 Rene Theophile Laennec l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thau<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng nghe Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t tai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 nghe nh\u1ecbp tim.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1720,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[158,160],"class_list":["post-1718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi","tag-ong-nghe-y-khoa","tag-rene-theophile-laennec"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1718"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1744,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions\/1744"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}