{"id":2193,"date":"2025-05-30T09:11:25","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T02:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=2193"},"modified":"2025-12-29T14:15:24","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T07:15:24","slug":"bo-luat-hammurabi-nhung-quy-dinh-y-khoa-dau-tien-trong-lich-su-nhan-loai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2025\/05\/30\/bo-luat-hammurabi-nhung-quy-dinh-y-khoa-dau-tien-trong-lich-su-nhan-loai\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Hammurabi \u2013 Nh\u1eefng Quy \u0110\u1ecbnh Y Khoa \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2193\" class=\"elementor elementor-2193\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39244c0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"39244c0c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1064edda\" data-id=\"1064edda\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27c024ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27c024ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"163\" data-end=\"248\"><strong data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"248\">B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Hammurabi \u2013 Nh\u1eefng Quy \u0110\u1ecbnh Y Khoa \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/h3><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"250\" data-end=\"643\">Khi s\u1eed gia Hy L\u1ea1p Herodotus \u0111\u1ebfn Babylon v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 TCN, \u00f4ng t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u2026 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u00e1c s\u0129, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang ra ch\u1ee3 h\u1ecfi l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: v\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 (Mesopotamia) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eabn t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt.<\/p><p data-start=\"250\" data-end=\"643\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2194 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/anh_1_NEIU-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/anh_1_NEIU-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/anh_1_NEIU-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/anh_1_NEIU.jpg 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"250\" data-end=\"643\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2195 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2-242x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"242\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2-242x300.jpg 242w, https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2.jpg 440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"645\" data-end=\"880\">Minh ch\u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 <strong data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"702\">B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Hammurabi<\/strong> \u2013 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh v\u0103n c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u vua Hammurabi (1792\u20131750 TCN), ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n nh\u1edd ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn t\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"953\"><strong data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"951\">Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh y khoa n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Hammurabi<\/strong><\/h3><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"955\" data-end=\"1287\">B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 y: b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, h\u1ed9 sinh, th\u00fa y, h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i khoa (thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u0103ng l\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1) v\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean (ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u00ec can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh).<\/p><p data-start=\"1289\" data-end=\"1317\"><strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt:<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1397\">N\u1ebfu b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u2192 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 10 \u0111\u1ed3ng shekel b\u1ea1c.<\/p><p data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1397\">N\u1ebfu g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng m\u1eaft l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u2192 b\u1ecb <strong data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1457\">ch\u1eb7t tay<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1397\">N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u2192 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p><p data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1397\">N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u1eaft n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u2192 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eeda gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.C\u00e1c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1eaft, n\u1eafn x\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eefa bong g\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng ph\u00ed ri\u00eang, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t theo \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1810\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u00fa nu\u00f4i n\u1ebfu g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft cho tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nu\u00f4i.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"1817\" data-end=\"1860\"><strong data-start=\"1823\" data-end=\"1860\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1862\" data-end=\"2012\">B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Hammurabi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kho b\u00e1u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Babylon c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ngh\u1ec1 y:<\/p><p data-start=\"2015\" data-end=\"2099\">Ngh\u1ec1 y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <strong data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2061\">ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p><p data-start=\"2102\" data-end=\"2186\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa hay n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2189\" data-end=\"2311\">Ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Hammurabi \u2013 Nh\u1eefng Quy \u0110\u1ecbnh Y Khoa \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i Khi s\u1eed gia Hy L\u1ea1p Herodotus \u0111\u1ebfn Babylon v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 TCN, \u00f4ng&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2377,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[207,366],"class_list":["post-2193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi","tag-bo-luat-hammurabi","tag-quy-dinh-y-khoa-co-dai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2193"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2411,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2193\/revisions\/2411"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}