{"id":2491,"date":"2025-07-02T14:58:16","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T07:58:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=2491"},"modified":"2025-12-29T14:14:56","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T07:14:56","slug":"claudius-galen-nguoi-dat-nen-mong-cho-y-hoc-phuong-tay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2025\/07\/02\/claudius-galen-nguoi-dat-nen-mong-cho-y-hoc-phuong-tay\/","title":{"rendered":"Claudius Galen \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1eb7t N\u1ec1n M\u00f3ng Cho Y H\u1ecdc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y"},"content":{"rendered":"

Claudius Galen, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Galen th\u00e0nh Pergamon, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Galen l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o trong h\u01a1n 1.400 n\u0103m, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Claudius Galen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \n
  • \n

    T\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong> Aelius\/Claudius Galenus<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    N\u0103m sinh \u2013 m\u1ea5t:<\/strong> kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 129 \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 216 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> Pergamon (nay l\u00e0 Bergama, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong> Th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5:<\/strong> Th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ri\u00eang cho Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf La M\u00e3 Marcus Aurelius\"\"<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Galen sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u0103m 16 tu\u1ed5i, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m y h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Smyrna, Corinth v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Alexandria \u2013 trung t\u00e2m tri th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p y h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    1. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Do vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb thi th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, Galen ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3n. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh, th\u1eadn, n\u00e3o v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, Galen l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      N\u00e3o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tim l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      M\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ch\u1ee9a m\u00e1u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00ed (nh\u01b0 ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3).<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong gan v\u00e0 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng theo hai h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e9p k\u00edn.<\/p>\n

      2. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch (humorism)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Galen k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft “b\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch” t\u1eeb Hippocrates: m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eddm, m\u1eadt v\u00e0ng, m\u1eadt \u0111en. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y. D\u00f9 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb su\u1ed1t h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      3. D\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Galen c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. “Thu\u1ed1c Galenic” l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

      Di s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Kho\u1ea3ng 500 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Galen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Latin v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16.<\/p>\n

      \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Galen ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy gi\u1ea3m khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Andreas Vesalius, William Harvey v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh nhi\u1ec1u sai s\u00f3t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      D\u00f9 mang nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, Claudius Galen v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5\u201d c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u01b0 duy logic, tinh th\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      \u201cY h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng\u201d \u2013 Claudius Galen<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Claudius Galen, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Galen th\u00e0nh Pergamon, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[371],"class_list":["post-2491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi","tag-claudius-galen"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2491"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2496,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2491\/revisions\/2496"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}