{"id":2546,"date":"2025-10-15T13:08:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T06:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=2546"},"modified":"2025-12-29T14:03:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T07:03:21","slug":"roger-bacon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2025\/10\/15\/roger-bacon\/","title":{"rendered":"Roger Bacon"},"content":{"rendered":"

Roger Bacon (1214 \u2013 1292)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m trong khoa h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

Roger Bacon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d nh\u1edd tinh th\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan s\u00e1t, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2013 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sinh kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1214 t\u1ea1i Ilchester (Anh qu\u1ed1c), Roger Bacon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7 trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, quang h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford v\u00e0 Paris \u2013 hai trung t\u00e2m tri th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Aristotle v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Avicenna (Ibn Sina) v\u00e0 Averroes.<\/p>\n

Bacon gia nh\u1eadp D\u00f2ng Phanxic\u00f4 v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. D\u00f9 s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o chi ph\u1ed1i tri th\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn d\u00e1m ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t nghi ng\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Roger Bacon l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Opus Majus (1267), \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, quang h\u1ecdc, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, Bacon \u0111\u1ec1 cao vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u2013 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng sau n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 Vesalius. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1eaft v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho ng\u00e0nh quang h\u1ecdc y sinh h\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Roger Bacon v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 \u201cexperimenta et observationes\u201d (th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t) \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 Copernicus, Galileo, v\u00e0 Francis Bacon. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u00f4m nay:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Y khoa Apollo, ch\u00e2n dung Roger Bacon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f2 m\u00f2 \u2013 ho\u00e0i nghi \u2013 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. \u00d4ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u201cTri th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Roger Bacon (1214 \u2013 1292) Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m trong khoa h\u1ecdc Roger Bacon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2547,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[408],"class_list":["post-2546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi","tag-roger-bacon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2546"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2548,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2546\/revisions\/2548"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}