{"id":2568,"date":"2025-10-25T11:04:48","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T04:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=2568"},"modified":"2025-12-29T13:57:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T06:57:37","slug":"of-the-epidemics-tinh-hoa-y-hoc-thuc-chung-cua-hippocrates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2025\/10\/25\/of-the-epidemics-tinh-hoa-y-hoc-thuc-chung-cua-hippocrates\/","title":{"rendered":"Of the Epidemics \u2013 Tinh hoa y h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Hippocrates"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

Of the Epidemics (ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p: \u1f18\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u2013 Epidemion), hay \u201cV\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn y h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng do Hippocrates, b\u00e1c s\u0129 Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i (kho\u1ea3ng 460\u2013370 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean), bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Hippocrates (Corpus Hippocraticum), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p mang t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Of the Epidemics th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quan s\u00e1t \u2013 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u2013 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t t\u1eeb y h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o sang y h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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2. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi<\/h2>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Hippocrates h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y y h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Kos, Hy L\u1ea1p. Khi \u1ea5y, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cd\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh\u201d (epidemiai) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n theo m\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c. N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y quy\u1ec3n (Books I\u2013VII), trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh Hippocrates v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ghi ch\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

3. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed7i quy\u1ec3n trong Of the Epidemics g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: 1) Quan s\u00e1t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; 2) Ghi ch\u00e9p ca l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u1edbi tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb; 3) Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong Book I, Hippocrates ghi l\u1ea1i 42 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, s\u1ed1t cao, co gi\u1eadt. \u00d4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1eafc da, m\u1ea1ch, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

4. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho y h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Of the Epidemics l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u00fd do sau:<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho y h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n linh.
\n– Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (case study), coi m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.
\n– Kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n cho ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc (epidemiology) khi Hippocrates nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.
\n– \u0110\u1ec1 cao y \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed trong h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 trong vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

5. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Of the Epidemics \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n hai thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 La M\u00e3 nh\u01b0 Galen ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t \u2013 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Hippocrates, v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho y h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cepidemic\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cepidemiology\u201d trong y h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a Hippocrates trong t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c y khoa.<\/p>\n

6. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Of the Epidemics kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n trong y h\u1ecdc. Qua t\u1eebng ca b\u1ec7nh, Hippocrates \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u2013 n\u01a1i l\u00fd tr\u00ed, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Of the Epidemics (ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p: \u1f18\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u2013 Epidemion), hay \u201cV\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn y h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng do Hippocrates, b\u00e1c s\u0129 Hy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2569,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[414],"class_list":["post-2568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi","tag-of-the-epidemics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2568"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2572,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2568\/revisions\/2572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}