{"id":2575,"date":"2025-10-25T14:00:51","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T07:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=2575"},"modified":"2025-12-29T10:16:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T03:16:48","slug":"william-harvey-1578-1657-nguoi-kham-pha-vong-tuan-hoan-mau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2025\/10\/25\/william-harvey-1578-1657-nguoi-kham-pha-vong-tuan-hoan-mau\/","title":{"rendered":"William Harvey (1578\u20131657) \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

William Harvey l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ‘Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus’ (An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals, 1628), Harvey \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 1.500 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Galen, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy quan s\u00e1t, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

2. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n<\/h2>\n

William Harvey sinh n\u0103m 1578 t\u1ea1i Folkestone, Kent, Anh. \u00d4ng theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Gonville and Caius College, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge, sau \u0111\u00f3 sang \u00dd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Padua \u2013 trung t\u00e2m y h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hieronymus Fabricius, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra van t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Y khoa n\u0103m 1602, Harvey tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Anh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e1c s\u0129 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Vua James I v\u00e0 Vua Charles I, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n St. Bartholomew\u2019s v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Y khoa London (Royal College of Physicians).<\/p>\n

3. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n

Th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Harvey, y h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1eabn tin v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Galen (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II), cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf gan, ch\u1ea3y qua t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan r\u1ed3i ti\u00eau bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. Harvey \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua quan s\u00e1t gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng tim l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u01a1m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00e1u \u0111i theo chu tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. M\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tim qua \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tim qua t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tim b\u01a1m ra m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Galen m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1628, \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee9 danh ‘De Motu Cordis’ (V\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tim v\u00e0 m\u00e1u trong \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt), g\u1ed3m 17 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tim, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf c\u1ee7a van tim v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean phong<\/h2>\n

Harvey n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: \u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t tim \u0111ang \u0111\u1eadp, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u b\u01a1m m\u1ed7i nh\u1ecbp \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed.’<\/p>\n

5. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a William Harvey \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 tim m\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc.
\n– \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc sau nh\u01b0 Malpighi (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n mao m\u1ea1ch), Boyle, Newton v\u00e0 Haller.
\n– Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan s\u00e1t, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.
\n– T\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc tim m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

6. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 vinh danh<\/h2>\n

Harvey m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1657 t\u1ea1i Roehampton, London, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd 79 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Hempstead (Anh). Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n y khoa v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng khoa h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 William Harvey Research Institute t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Queen Mary, London.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng y h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n khai s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

William Harvey l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean tr\u00ec kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. V\u1edbi ‘De Motu Cordis’, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0a y h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng. Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Sir Francis Bacon t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: ‘Harvey \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i tim kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u2013 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.’<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u William Harvey l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[418],"class_list":["post-2575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi","tag-william-harvey-vi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2575"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2575\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2576,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2575\/revisions\/2576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}