Jonas Edward Salk (1914\u20131995) l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 vi-r\u00fat h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. \u00d4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Jonas Salk sinh ng\u00e0y 28\/10\/1914 t\u1ea1i New York, Hoa K\u1ef3. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i City College of New York v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi-r\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t (poliomyelitis) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf tr\u1ebb em, g\u00e2y li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1947, Salk nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pittsburgh v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eafc-xin t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n d\u00f9ng vi-r\u00fat \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t (ch\u1ebft) \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n vi-r\u00fat s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1954, v\u1eafc-xin c\u1ee7a Salk \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn mang t\u00ean \u201cPolio Pioneers\u201d. Ng\u00e0y 12\/4\/1955, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 v\u1eafc-xin an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n
T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Salk \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n cho v\u1eafc-xin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng v\u1eafc-xin l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u0103m 1963 \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Sinh h\u1ecdc Salk (Salk Institute for Biological Studies) t\u1ea1i La Jolla, California \u2013 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
Jonas Salk l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n: nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh l\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lan t\u1ecfa qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn cho sinh vi\u00ean y khoa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 y \u2013 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jonas Edward Salk (1914\u20131995) l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 vi-r\u00fat h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. \u00d4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean an to\u00e0n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[422],"class_list":["post-2583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi","tag-jonas-salk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2583"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2584,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2583\/revisions\/2584"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}