{"id":2587,"date":"2025-10-25T14:28:43","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T07:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=2587"},"modified":"2025-12-29T10:15:45","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T03:15:45","slug":"phat-minh-ra-ong-tiem-buoc-ngoat-trong-lich-su-y-hoc-hien-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2025\/10\/25\/phat-minh-ra-ong-tiem-buoc-ngoat-trong-lich-su-y-hoc-hien-dai\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam \u2013 B\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u1ed0ng ti\u00eam (ti\u1ebfng Anh: syringe) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a thu\u1ed1c, v\u1eafc-xin ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ti\u00eam ch\u00edch, g\u00e2y m\u00ea, ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u2013 t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0ng quang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01a1m ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ti\u00eam tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m 1650, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Christopher Wren (ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Paul, London) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ti\u00eam r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ch\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng b\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f4ng ng\u1ed7ng r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 kim b\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Ph\u00e1t minh \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam kim r\u1ed7ng (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u00e1t minh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. N\u0103m 1853, hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 Alexander Wood (Anh) v\u00e0 Charles Gabriel Pravaz (Ph\u00e1p) \u2013 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam kim r\u1ed7ng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wood ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam th\u1ee7y tinh v\u1edbi p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam morphine d\u01b0\u1edbi da \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111au, trong khi Pravaz ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kim r\u1ed7ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c d\u00f9ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 kim r\u1ed7ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao.<\/p>\n<h2>4. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh, \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1880: \u1ed0ng ti\u00eam th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00f3 chia v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, gi\u00fap \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n\u2022 N\u0103m 1899: C\u00f4ng ty Becton Dickinson (M\u1ef9) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam \u2013 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf.<br \/>\n\u2022 N\u0103m 1949: Arthur E. Smith (M\u1ef9) ph\u00e1t minh \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o.<br \/>\n\u2022 N\u0103m 1956: B\u00e1c s\u0129 Colin Murdoch (New Zealand) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam nh\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng cao su \u2013 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc an to\u00e0n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<h2>5. \u1ed0ng ti\u00eam trong y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng v\u1eafc-xin: Gi\u00fap ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n\u2022 G\u00e2y m\u00ea \u2013 h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c: Ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c m\u00ea, gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, insulin, kh\u00e1ng sinh.<br \/>\n\u2022 Y h\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 \u2013 nha khoa: Ti\u00eam botox, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y, thu\u1ed1c t\u00ea.<br \/>\n\u2022 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m: Ti\u00eam m\u1eabu v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y, kim si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, kim kh\u00f4ng \u0111au v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (auto-injector) \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00fap y h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h2>6. \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong y h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c.<br \/>\n\u2022 Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0110\u01b0a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<br \/>\n\u2022 Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tin gi\u1eefa b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u2013 khi m\u1ed9t m\u0169i ti\u00eam mang l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u1eeb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Christopher Wren \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam nh\u1ef1a v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y nay, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1n 350 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc. \u1ed0ng ti\u00eam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i trong y khoa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cM\u1ed9t m\u0169i ti\u00eam nh\u1ecf \u2013 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.\u201d \u2014 T\u00f4n vinh di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai sinh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00eam ch\u00edch y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ed0ng ti\u00eam (ti\u1ebfng Anh: syringe) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a thu\u1ed1c, v\u1eafc-xin ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch dinh&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2587"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2588,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2587\/revisions\/2588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}