{"id":2591,"date":"2025-10-25T14:40:39","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T07:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=2591"},"modified":"2025-12-29T10:15:22","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T03:15:22","slug":"nhiet-ke-y-te-dung-cu-do-than-nhiet-mo-ra-ky-nguyen-chan-doan-lam-sang-chinh-xac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2025\/10\/25\/nhiet-ke-y-te-dung-cu-do-than-nhiet-mo-ra-ky-nguyen-chan-doan-lam-sang-chinh-xac\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf y t\u1ebf \u2013 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf y t\u1ebf (Medical Thermometer) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2>2. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf y t\u1ebf, th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tay, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m 1592: Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Galileo Galilei ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf s\u01a1 khai (thermoscope) \u2013 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 thang \u0111o.<br \/>\n\u2022 N\u0103m 1612: Santorio Santorio, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Galileo, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00fap bi\u1ebfn thermoscope th\u00e0nh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n \u2013 B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m 1714: Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1t minh nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n trong \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y tinh k\u00edn c\u00f9ng thang \u0111o Fahrenheit. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong y h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII\u2013XX.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m 1868: B\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Carl Wunderlich xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh &#8216;Das Verhalten der Eigenw\u00e4rme in Krankheiten&#8217;. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 25.000 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 37\u00b0C l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Wunderlich \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111o th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m 1964: Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n\u2022 Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980: Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i (Infrared Thermometer) cho ph\u00e9p \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf tai ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<br \/>\n\u2022 Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000: Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh (Smart Thermometer) \u2013 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Bluetooth, l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p AI theo d\u00f5i th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a y t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<h2>5. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n: Th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n gi\u00e3n n\u1edf theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, di chuy\u1ec3n trong \u1ed1ng capillary \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n\u2022 Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed: C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (thermistor) thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<br \/>\n\u2022 Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i: \u0110o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb da ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0ng nh\u0129, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Vai tr\u00f2 trong y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf y t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm s\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n\u2022 Theo d\u00f5i di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng thu\u1ed1c.<br \/>\n\u2022 L\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2>7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u1eeb \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1ee7a Galileo \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn AI c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng y h\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 400 n\u0103m. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong y h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf y t\u1ebf (Medical Thermometer) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111o ch\u00ednh&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2591"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2592,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2591\/revisions\/2592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}