{"id":2624,"date":"2025-10-25T15:49:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T08:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=2624"},"modified":"2025-12-29T10:09:53","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T03:09:53","slug":"ca-ghep-than-dau-tien-tren-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2025\/10\/25\/ca-ghep-than-dau-tien-tren-the-gioi\/","title":{"rendered":"CA GH\u00c9P TH\u1eacN \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN TR\u00caN TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1edf ra hy v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc suy th\u1eadn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ca gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u00ean phong<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Nhu c\u1ea7u thay th\u1ebf c\u01a1 quan suy y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ca gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1933 t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1953 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn gh\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ca gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1954 t\u1ea1i Boston, Hoa K\u1ef3, b\u00e1c s\u0129 Joseph E. Murray v\u00e0 \u00ea k\u00edp ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ca gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa hai anh em sinh \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f9ng tr\u1ee9ng. V\u00ec hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gen gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u00ean nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1eadn gh\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ca gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n

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      1. \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1954 m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi cho gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ra \u0111\u1eddi, gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0y nay, gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u01b0u ti\u00ean gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng, hi\u1ebfn sau khi qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c y khoa<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

           <\/p>\n

          C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ca gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf sinh vi\u00ean y khoa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 y r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 gan, tim, ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1ee5y sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1edf ra hy v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc suy th\u1eadn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2624"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2625,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2624\/revisions\/2625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}