{"id":2628,"date":"2025-10-25T15:54:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T08:54:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/?p=2628"},"modified":"2025-12-29T10:05:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T03:05:18","slug":"thu-thuat-noi-soi-o-bung-dau-tien-tren-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/2025\/10\/25\/thu-thuat-noi-soi-o-bung-dau-tien-tren-the-gioi\/","title":{"rendered":"TH\u1ee6 THU\u1eacT N\u1ed8I SOI \u1ed4 B\u1ee4NG \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN TR\u00caN TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cm\u1ed5 m\u1edf\u201d truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi t\u01b0 duy can thi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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  1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    N\u0103m 1901, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Georg Kelling t\u1ea1i Dresden l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng (celioscopy). \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u1ed1ng soi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u2013 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ch\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t n\u1ed9i soi khoang b\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1edf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

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    1. B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i soi tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      N\u0103m 1910, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n Hans Christian Jacobaeus \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i soi \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp khoang b\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i soi, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i soi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

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      1. T\u1eeb quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, n\u1ed9i soi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, n\u1ed9i soi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh sang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb can thi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

        C\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1985, khi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Erich M\u00fche th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ca c\u1eaft t\u00fai m\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u1ed9i soi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1edf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i soi \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

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          • V\u1ebft m\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf, \u00edt \u0111au v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c nhanh h\u01a1n<\/li>\n
          • Gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eadu ph\u1eabu v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian n\u1eb1m vi\u1ec7n<\/li>\n
          • N\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            N\u1ed9i soi ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean khoa: ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, ti\u00eau ho\u00e1, ph\u1ee5 khoa, ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u, l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng y khoa<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u2013 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cm\u1ed5 m\u1edf\u201d truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi t\u01b0 duy can thi\u1ec7p…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-y-khoa-the-gioi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2628"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2629,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2628\/revisions\/2629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museum.pctu.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}